How Credit Scores Work in Canada
Canada has two credit bureaus with different score ranges, five weighted factors that determine your score, and a 45-day shopping window that protects you when comparing auto loan rates. Here is what you actually need to know.
Last reviewed: March 2026
Key Facts
- Equifax range
- 300–900
- TransUnion range
- 300–850
- #1 scoring factor
- Payment history (35%)
- Auto loan shopping window
- 45 days — counts as 1 inquiry
Multiple Auto Loan Inquiries Within 45 Days Count as One
Equifax vs TransUnion: Canada's Two Credit Bureaus
Canada has two major credit bureaus — Equifax (300-900) and TransUnion (300-850) — and they operate independently, meaning your file at each may look different. Both track your credit behaviour, but different lenders report to different bureaus, which is why your score can vary between them.
Most Canadians have a file at both bureaus, but that does not mean the files are identical. If a creditor only reports to one bureau, the other will not have that account on record. Understanding how each bureau works helps you read your reports accurately and know what lenders are seeing.
Equifax Canada (Range: 300–900)
Equifax uses a 900-point ceiling — the highest of any major Canadian bureau. Their model is widely used by Canadian banks, credit unions, and many subprime auto lenders. Score bands: 300-579 (Poor), 580-669 (Fair), 670-739 (Good), 740-799 (Very Good), 800+ (Excellent). Equifax retains most negative items for 6-7 years in Alberta.
TransUnion Canada (Range: 300–850)
TransUnion uses an 850-point ceiling, the same upper bound as many US bureaus. Their CreditVision model is used by a different subset of lenders, including many alternative and subprime auto lenders. Score bands follow similar thresholds to Equifax but the 50-point ceiling difference means the same borrower may show different numeric scores at each bureau.
Why Your Scores Differ Between Bureaus
Not all lenders report to both bureaus. If your credit card issuer reports only to Equifax, TransUnion will not have that account in their file. Different scoring models also weight the same data differently. It is normal to have a score 20-50 points different between bureaus. When you apply for financing, the lender may pull from one or both — check both of your reports before applying.
Which Bureau Does Your Lender Use?
Banks tend to pull Equifax. Alternative and subprime auto lenders often pull TransUnion. Some lenders pull both. You generally cannot choose which bureau is used — it depends on the lender's internal process. For auto financing through a dealership that works with multiple lenders, the bureau pulled may vary by which lender your application is matched with.
The 5 Factors That Determine Your Credit Score
Your credit score is calculated from five weighted factors — payment history carries the most weight at 35%, followed by credit utilization at 30%. These two factors alone account for 65% of your score, which means improving them has the highest leverage.
Credit scoring models calculate your score by evaluating your credit history across five categories, each carrying a different weight. Knowing the weight of each factor helps you prioritize what to fix first when rebuilding — and helps you understand what actions will have the biggest impact on your score.
Payment History — 35%
The single most important factor. Every on-time payment strengthens your score; every missed or late payment damages it. A 30-day late payment causes a meaningful score drop. A 90-day late payment causes a significant drop and stays on your report for years. The good news: consistent on-time payments from today forward progressively rebuild this factor regardless of past history.
Credit Utilization — 30%
How much of your available revolving credit (credit cards, lines of credit) you are currently using. Lenders prefer to see utilization below 30%. If your credit card limit is $5,000 and you carry a $2,500 balance, your utilization is 50% — which is higher than optimal. Paying down balances before applying for an auto loan is one of the fastest ways to improve your score.
Length of Credit History — 15%
Scored based on the age of your oldest account, your newest account, and the average age of all accounts. Longer credit histories generally score better because they give lenders more data to evaluate your behaviour patterns. This is why closing old accounts you no longer use can sometimes hurt your score — it reduces your average account age.
Credit Mix — 10%
Lenders like to see that you can manage different types of credit responsibly — credit cards (revolving), loans (installment), and lines of credit. An auto loan adds an installment account to your mix, which can actually benefit this factor if your profile only has revolving credit. You do not need one of every type, but some diversity helps.
New Inquiries — 10%
Each time a lender pulls your credit as part of an application, it creates a hard inquiry. Multiple inquiries in a short period can suggest financial stress. However, auto loan inquiries within a 45-day window are treated as a single inquiry by the scoring models — specifically designed to allow rate shopping without penalty.
These weights are approximate — each bureau uses proprietary scoring algorithms that may adjust the exact weighting. But the relative importance of each factor is consistent across models.
How Auto Loans Report to Your Credit Bureau
An auto loan is an installment account — it reports monthly, builds payment history, and adds to your credit mix. A new auto loan causes a small temporary dip, then typically improves your score over 6-12 months of on-time payments.
Understanding exactly how an auto loan interacts with your credit file takes the mystery out of applying for financing. Many people hesitate because they worry a car loan will hurt their credit — the reality is more nuanced and, for most borrowers, ultimately positive.
How Auto Loans Appear on Your Report
An auto loan is classified as an installment account — a fixed loan amount repaid in regular monthly payments over a defined term. When you take out a car loan, the lender reports the account opening, the original balance, and your monthly payment status to the bureaus they work with. Each month, your payment status is updated: paid on time, 30 days late, 60 days late, etc.
The Initial Score Dip — and Why It Recovers
Opening any new credit account typically causes a temporary score dip for two reasons: the hard inquiry from the application, and the new account reducing the average age of your accounts. Both effects are minor and temporary. Within 6-12 months of consistent on-time payments, most borrowers see their score recover and often improve beyond the pre-loan level.
Building Credit Through an Auto Loan
For people with thin or damaged credit files, a responsibly managed auto loan can be one of the most effective credit-building tools available. It creates a stream of positive payment history entries — the most weighted factor in your score. Every month you pay on time, you are building evidence of financial reliability that future lenders will see.
Hard vs Soft Inquiries: What You Need to Know
Soft inquiries — including checking your own score — have zero impact on your credit. Hard inquiries from lender applications have a minor, temporary effect of typically 2-5 points per pull. The 45-day window for auto loans is specifically designed to eliminate the cost of comparison shopping.
One of the most persistent credit myths is that any inquiry damages your score significantly. The reality is much less dramatic. Understanding the distinction between hard and soft inquiries — and the specific protections built into auto loan scoring — will help you apply for financing without unnecessary hesitation.
Soft Inquiries — No Score Impact
Soft inquiries occur when you check your own credit, when lenders pre-screen you for offers, or when employers check your credit. Soft inquiries do not affect your score regardless of how many occur. Check your own credit report as often as you like without concern.
Hard Inquiries — Minor, Temporary Impact
Hard inquiries happen when you formally apply for credit and the lender pulls your report. Each hard inquiry can lower your score by a few points, and the effect fades over 12 months. Hard inquiries fall off your report after 3 years. The impact is small — typically 2-5 points — and should not discourage you from applying when you are ready.
The 45-Day Auto Loan Window
Both Equifax and TransUnion scoring models include a rate-shopping window specifically for auto loans. Multiple hard inquiries from auto lenders within 45 days of each other are grouped and counted as a single inquiry. This means you can apply through multiple dealerships and lenders to compare rates without each application compounding the score impact. Shop around — the system is designed for it.
Credit Score Bands and What They Mean for Auto Financing in Alberta
Prime lenders typically require scores of 650 or above; below that, specialist subprime lenders take over — and they assess more than just your score number. In Alberta's auto financing market, your score is one input among several including income, employment stability, down payment, and loan-to-value ratio.
Your credit score band gives you a rough sense of what tier of lender you qualify for. But auto financing is more holistic than that — a 580 score with strong income and a solid down payment often gets approved at competitive terms, while a 640 score with unstable income may face more friction.
760+ — Prime (Best Rates Available)
Qualifies for the most competitive rates from major banks and credit unions. Multiple lenders will compete for your business. At this level, rate becomes the primary variable — negotiate accordingly. Most applicants at this level finance directly through their bank or credit union.
650–759 — Near-Prime (Good Options)
Qualifies for most lender programs, though the best rates may require additional factors like a strong down payment or low debt load. Some credit unions and alternative lenders are competitive in this band. A dealership with multiple lender relationships can often find better terms than going directly to a bank in this range.
580–649 — Subprime (Specialist Lenders)
Below the threshold for most prime lenders. Specialist subprime lenders are the primary option in this range. Rates will be higher than prime, but approval is realistic with steady income. A down payment meaningfully improves your terms. This is the range where working with a dealership that has strong subprime lender relationships makes the biggest difference.
300–579 — Deep Subprime (Alternative Options)
The most challenging range for traditional financing. Options include in-house financing through a dealer, co-signer programs, or secured lending products. A larger down payment, stable employment, and a lower-priced vehicle significantly improve approval odds. This range often reflects a recent major credit event — and the path to a better rate tier typically takes 12-24 months of consistent positive behaviour.
Your score is a starting point, not a final answer. If you are unsure what your approval odds look like, the best step is to apply and let our team match your file to the right lender.
Credit Score FAQs
What is the credit score range in Canada?
Canada has two main credit bureaus with slightly different scales. Equifax uses a range of 300 to 900, while TransUnion uses 300 to 850. A score above 720 is generally considered good with most lenders; above 760 qualifies for the best rates. Scores below 600 are considered subprime and may require specialist lenders.
Does checking my own credit score hurt it?
No. Checking your own credit score is called a soft inquiry and has no impact on your score whatsoever. Only hard inquiries — when a lender pulls your credit with your consent as part of a credit application — can affect your score, and even then the impact is typically minor.
How long does a hard inquiry stay on my credit report?
Hard inquiries stay on your Equifax report for approximately 3 years, though their impact on your score fades significantly after the first 12 months. TransUnion also retains hard inquiries for 3 years. Multiple auto loan inquiries within a 45-day window are treated as a single inquiry by the scoring models.
How does an auto loan affect my credit score?
An auto loan is an installment account. Opening one may cause a small initial dip due to the hard inquiry and the new account. Over time, consistent on-time payments build a strong payment history — the biggest factor in your score. A paid-off auto loan with a clean payment record typically improves your score meaningfully.
What is the 45-day shopping window for auto loans?
Both Equifax and TransUnion scoring models treat multiple auto loan inquiries that occur within a 45-day window as a single hard pull. This allows you to shop across multiple lenders without each application counting separately against your score. The window is designed specifically to encourage comparison shopping for mortgage and auto loans.
How do Canadian credit scores differ from American FICO scores?
Canadian credit scores use a 300–900 scale (Equifax) or 300–850 scale (TransUnion), while American FICO scores run from 300–850. The scoring factors are similar — payment history, utilization, history length, new credit, and credit mix — but the bureaus are completely separate institutions. A strong US credit history does not transfer to Canada; newcomers from the US start with a blank Canadian file regardless of their American score.
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